Blockchain-integrated smart grid architecture with FBG sensing and EKF for fault and anomaly detection

Abstract

The smart grid has emerged to address the shortcomings of one-way existing grid systems and is the next generation power grid infrastructure that applies smart ICT (Information Communication Technology) to existing grid. The Smart Grid is expected to greatly improve the efficiency and reliability of future power systems with the demand for renewable energy resources. However, because major power facilities are interconnected through communication networks, Smart Grids cyber security is becoming an important issue. Cyber-attacks by malicious intruders can lead to serious incidents such as massive outages and the destruction of power network infrastructure, since cyber-attacks can damage energy data, starting with personal information leakage from grid members. Therefore, as a solution to this issue we will suggest a secure smart energy management system based on the blockchain. The combination of blockchain technology, optical fiber sensors, and Kalman filters in smart grids holds great potential for the future of power transmission and distribution systems. Blockchain offers secure protection against cyber threats and unauthorized access, while optical fiber sensors provide real-time monitoring and control of electrical energy flow. The integration of these technologies leads to improved transparency in energy generation, distribution, and consumption. Extended Kalman filters are utilized to identify and minimize uncertainties in data collected from optical fiber sensors, thereby enhancing the accuracy of information used for energy management and grid control. This integration promises increased security, enhanced reliability, improved efficiency, and greater flexibility in energy management. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the benefits and limitations of integrating blockchain technology, optical fiber sensors, and Kalman filters in smart grids.