Browsing by Author "Hew-Butler, Tamara"

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    Depression and Vitamin D Levels in Student-Athletes
    Tomlinson, Devin; Hew-Butler, Tamara
    Depression affects nearly seven percent of adults across the world, with a higher incidence rate in young adults ages 18 to 25. Student-athletes are a subpopulation of college students that are often overlooked in terms of depression. In addition to the prevalence and factors contributing to depression, this project examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) levels and depression in 51 student-athletes. Student-athletes completed demographic information, the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and blood draws. It was determined that: the incidence of depression increased from preseason to postseason, there was not a significant correlation between vitamin D and depression scores, and there was a significant correlation between depression scores and serum ferritin levels in females only.
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    The impact of different high-intensity interval training protocols on body composition and physical fitness in healthy young adult females
    (2018-12-28) Brown, Elise; Hew-Butler, Tamara; Marks, Charles R.C.; Butcher, Scotty J.; Choi, Myung D.
    Although traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been effective in improving body composition and physical fitness, it is unclear how multimodal HIIT affects these variables. This study compared the differences between these two training programs on body composition and physical fitness in apparently healthy, nonobese young adult females. A total of 16 participants (mean age = 23 ± 5.08 years) completed a 12-week HIIT intervention with two treatment groups: rowing and multimodal. Immediately before and after the intervention, the following measures were assessed: body mass index (BMI), total body mass, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, total body fat %, visceral adipose tissue, lean mass, bone mineral outcomes, cardiovascular fitness, and muscular fitness. A general linear model with repeated measures was used to assess changes over time for the group as a whole, as well as between-group differences. For the group as a whole, there were significant decrease in total body fat % (p = 0.04) and significant increases in BMI (p = 0.015), total body mass (p = 0.003), lean mass (p < 0.001), bone mineral content (BMC) (p < 0.001), VO2max (p = 0.01), broad jump (p = 0.001), squat endurance (p = 0.006), press (p < 0.001), back squat (p < 0.001), and deadlift (p < 0.001) one repetition maximum (1RM). The multimodal group (p < 0.001) increased deadlift 1RM significantly more than the rowing group (p = 0.002). HIIT can be an effective means for improving cardiovascular and muscular fitness, increasing lean mass and BMC, and thereby improving cardiometabolic as well as musculoskeletal health in nonobese females. Using a multimodal approach may give the added benefit of superior muscular strength increases.
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    Muscle Damage, Soreness, and Stress Over 7-weeks of Pre-season Training In NCAA D1 Female Swimmers
    VanderMeulen, Melissa; Hew-Butler, Tamara
    In 2014, three female swimmers were hospitalized with symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis (Stanfa et al., 2016). PURPOSE: To serially monitor and assess relationships between skeletal muscle damage, upper and lower body soreness, and physiological stress during the first seven weeks of high volume training in collegiate female swimmers. METHODS: 23 female NCAA D1 swimmers presented to the lab six times during 7-weeks of pre-season training. Blood was drawn at six timepoints for measurement of serum creatinine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MYO) and a complete metabolic panel. Serum cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and T/C ratio were assessed at Weeks 1 (baseline), 4 and 7. Upper body soreness (US) and lower body soreness (LS) were assessed, at the six timepoints that blood was drawn, using a visual analogue scale (0-10-inch unmarked scale). A repeated measures ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction were performed, with data reported as means±SD. Correlation analyses performed with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Weekly training load consisted of: 88% swimming, 6% running, and 6% weight training which gradually increased from 16 hours to 20 total training hours/week over the first seven weeks of training. Significant changes were noted in CK (135±68; 446±723; 171±83; 202±80; 180±100; 206±170; p=0.01), US (1.5±1.8; 3.9±1.7; 3.3±1.8; 5.4±1.6; 6.1±1.8; 3.7±2.0; p<0.0001), LS (1.3±1.5; 5.0±2.2; 3.4±1.8; 5.0±1.9; 4.8±1.8; 4.1±2.0; p<0.0001), cortisol (19±10; 15±6; 11±5ng/dL; p<0.0001), and T/C ratio (2.4±2.3; 3.0±1.8; 4.1±2.8; p=0.0003) but not in MYO (39±20; 63±141; 29±18; 30±17; 24±4ng/mL; 29±14ng/mL; p=0.32) or testosterone (33±14; 37±14; 36±14 ng/dL; p=0.29). Significant correlations noted between CK vs. MYO (r=0.84), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.21), and aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.49) when data were combined, but largely driven by an outlier with CK=3558 ng/mL and MYO=691ng/mL at Week 2 (first training week). CONCLUSION: Muscle damage in collegiate female swimmers remained largely within the normal range (CK<200U/L) on average, but was highly variable between individuals. No correlations noted between muscle damage (CK, MYO) and (upper and lower) body soreness, at moderate (2-6) ratings of muscle soreness. Serum cortisol declined over training, promoting an anabolic hormonal environment.