Countering the Democratic Descent: Policy Proposals for Refining the American Experiment in Liberal Democracy and Addressing the Global Democratic Backslide

Abstract

As the 21st century is increasingly defined by a precipitous decline in liberal democratic values, the United States faces a critical inflection point characterized by growing domestic polarization and a global democratic backsliding. This thesis argues that the continued deterioration of human rights (particularly political and civil rights) is not an inevitability of modern governance or geopolitical trends, but rather a consequence of failing international and domestic systems. Utilizing a strategic framework predicated on bringing governments up to PAR—Popular, Accountable, and Rights-regarding—this project proposes an “inside-out” strategy for the United States. Domestically, the project acts as a policy playbook for institutional revitalization through six key reforms: restructuring the Electoral College and voting systems, eliminating partisan gerrymandering, expanding Congress, transitioning to a multiparty system, and instituting a Universal Basic Income. These reforms are presented as essential mechanisms to mitigate the converging threats of economic inequality, executive overreach, and political polarization. On the global stage, the project advocates for a shift away from zero-sum ideological conflicts in favor of a new multilateralism built on cognitive empathy and peaceful coexistence. This thesis demonstrates that constructive engagement and a partial separation of human rights from Westernization can create a stable international order. Ultimately, by strengthening its own domestic capacity and integrity, the United States can lead a diverse community of nations toward a new global order rooted in mutual respect, coexistence, and universal PAR standards.