Current Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Autism spectrum disorder (also called ASD) is a pervasive disorder that strongly impacts the lives of affected individuals and their families. While the incidence of the disease has been increasing, little is understood about the exact mechanisms behind the disorder or how to treat it. Research must continue to determine the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to ASD. The methods of diagnosing ASD must also be scrutinized. Developments in these areas could greatly impact the lives of people who have ASD. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms could provide the key to biological treatment, while more specific diagnoses could allow for greater distinction between individuals on the spectrum based on their personal abilities and needs. Additionally, research into pharmacologic, therapeutic, and non-invasive treatments could improve the quality of life for individuals who have ASD. The present paper seeks to synthesize current research on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, then propose directions for future research. Through a detailed examination of the current literature, new directions will be determined.